It refers to groups of individual studies that are undertaken to gain a fuller picture, more than one case studied. The researcher coordinates data from several different sources, such as schools or individuals.

 education stakeholders: people of community standing who have some stake in (interest in or connection with) the institution or your education.

 Explanatory case study examines the data closely both at a surface and deep level in order to explain the phenomena in the data.. On the basis of the data, the researcher may then form a theory and set to test this theory. Furthermore, explanatory cases are also deployed for causal studies where pattern- matching can be used to investigate certain phenomena in very complex and multivariate cases.

The exploratory case study investigates distinct phenomena characterized by a lack of detailed preliminary research, especially formulated hypotheses that can be tested, and/or by a specific research environment that limits the choice of methodology

Instrumental case study is a grammatical case which use to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. The noun may be either a physical object or an abstract concept.

It develops conceptual categories inductively in order to examine initial assumption. The researcher aims to interpret the data by developing conceptual categories, supporting or challenging the assumptions made regarding them.

An intrinsic case study is the study of a case (e.g., person, specific group, occupation, department, organization) where the case itself is of primary interest in the exploration. The exploration is driven by a desire to know more about the uniqueness of the case rather than to build theory or how the case represents other cases.

The term is often used interchangeably with multiple-case studies, comparative case studies or collective case studies.